APA CITATION STYLE EXAMPLES
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| BOOKS & MONOGRAPHS |
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| Author, A. A. (Year of Publication). Book title: Subtitle also starts with a capital letter. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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One author
Nathan, A. J. (1990). China's crisis: Dilemmas of reform and prospects for democracy. New York: Columbia University Press. |
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Two authors
Ross, C. S., & Dewdney, P. (1998). Communicating professionally: A how-to-do-it manual for library applications. New York: Neal- |
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| Schuman Publishers. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Three to six authors
Marquart, J. W., Olson, S. E., & Sorensen, J. R. (1994). The rope, the chair, and the needle: Capital punishment in Texas, 1923 - |
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| 1990. Austin: University of Texas Press. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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More than six authors
Roeder, K., Howdeshell, J., Fulton, L., Lochhead, M., Craig, K., Peterson, R., et al. (1967). Nerve cells and insect behavior. |
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| Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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No author
Webster’s ninth new collegiate dictionary (1988). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc. |
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Corporate author
American Hospital Association. (1993). American Hospital Association guide to the health care field. |
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| Chicago: Author. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Editor(s)
Bent, J., & Humphreys, K. K. (Eds.). (1996). Cost Engineering: Vol. 4. Effective Project Management Through Applied |
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| Cost and Schedule Control. New York: Marcell Dekker, Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Author and editor
or translator Esquivel, L. (1992). Like water for chocolate: A novel in monthly installments, with recipes, romances, and home remedies. |
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| (C. Christensen & T. Christensen, Trans.). New York: Doubleday. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Edition
Mitchell, T. R., & Larson, J., Jr. (1987). People in organizations: An introduction to organizational behavior (3rd ed.). New York: |
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| McGraw-Hill. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Book in several
volumes Inge, M. T. (Ed.). (1989). Handbook of American popular culture (2nd ed., Vol. 103). New York: Greenwood Press. |
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Essay or article
in a collection Massaro, D. (1992). Broadening the domain of the fuzzy logical model of perception. In H. L. Pick Jr., P. van den Broek, and D. C. |
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| Knill (Eds.), Cognition: Conceptual and methodological issues (pp. 51-84). Washington, DC: American Psychological | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Bulletin or government
publication U. S. Attorney General's Commission on Pornography. (1986). Attorney General's Commission on Pornography: Final report. |
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| Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| ENCYCLOPEDIA & DICTIONARY ENTRIES Authors, A. A. (Year). Title of article. In Title of encyclopedia. (Volume #, pagination). Location: Publisher |
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| Title of article (Year). In Title of encyclopedia. (Volume #, pagination). Location: Publisher. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Signed
or initialed Hensel, J. W. (1999). Technical education. In Encyclopedia Americana (International ed., Vol.26, pp. 354-356). |
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| Danbury, CT: Grolier. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Unsigned
Methane (1990). In Encyclopedia Americana (International ed., Vol. 18, pp. 321-322). Danbury, CT: Grolier. |
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| Dictionary | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| PERIODICALS Author, A. A. (Date of publication <year, month day>). Article Title. Journal Title, Volume #, (issue #), Pagination. |
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Weekly or biweekly
magazine (signed) Stone, R. (1999, August 6). A long march to save Africa's dwindling wild lands. Science, 285, 825. |
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Weekly or biweekly
magazine (unsigned) The decade of the spy. (1994, March 7). Newsweek, 123, 26-27. |
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Monthly or bimonthly
magazine (signed) Frank, M. (1993, June). The wild, wild west. Architectural Digest, 50, 180-185, 193. |
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Journal article
(consecutive pagination) Cole, T. B. (1999). Case management for domestic violence. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282, 513-514. |
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Journal article
(pagination by issue) Klimosky, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in organizations. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and |
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| Research, 45(2), 10-36. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Newspaper
(signed) Trachtenberg, J. A. (1994, April 10) What's in a movie soundtrack? Catchy tunes and big business. Wall Street Journal [Eastern |
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| Edition], p. B1. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Newspaper or editorial
(unsigned) Southpaws: Today, think of those with a different side. (1999, August 13). The Detroit Free Press, p.A10. |
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Review of a book
in a newspaper Schillinger, L. (1999, August 8). Arbor days [Review of the book Life in the treetops: adventures of a woman in field biology]. The New |
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| York Times Book Review, 104, 4. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| MISCELLANEOUS AND UNPUBLISHED SOURCES | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Opposing
Viewpoints Loos, R. (1996). Hunting animals is morally acceptable. In A. Harnack (Ed.), Animal rights: Opposing viewpoints. (Reprinted from The |
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| Conservationist, 10-15, 1993, October) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Brochure/Pamphlet
National Cancer Institute. (2000, June). Cancer Research - because lives depend on it [Brochure]. Bethesda, MD: Author. |
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Paper presented,
speech delivered, but not published Torline, D. R. (1993, November). Handling difficult people: Quadrant theory approach. Paper presented at the meeting of Baker |
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| College Travel Club, Flint, MI. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Interview, letters,
memos, personal email, and conversation *Do not include in reference list; cite in text only. See the section on in-text citations |
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Doctoral Dissertation
or Master's Thesis Taylor, A. S. (1986). Dual career couples and geographic transfer: Executive's reaction to commuter marriage and attitude toward the |
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| move. Dissertation Abstracts International, 47, 10B. (UMI No. AAA8701827) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Non-print medium
Richter, J. (Producer), & Hausmann, J. (Director). (1985). Cezanne: The man and the mountain [Motion picture]. United States: Home |
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| Vision | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Safer, M. (Narrator). (1993, September 19). Yes...But is it art? [Television broadcast]. New York: Central Broadcasting Service. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Annual Report
Home Depot. (2001). Home Depot 2000 Annual Report. Atlanta, GA: Author. |
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| IN-TEXT CITATION EXAMPLES - (Author, Year, Page) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nathan (1990) observes that... |
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| An earlier work on democracy in China (Nathan, 1990, p. 28) points out that... | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| One work by multiple authors | |||||||||||||||||||||
first citation: Marquart, Olson, and Sorensen (1994) concluded... |
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| subsequent first citation: Marquart et al (1994) concluded... | |||||||||||||||||||||
| in subsequent citations after first citation in the same paragraph: Marquart et al concluded... | |||||||||||||||||||||
| for a work by six or more authors, first and subsequent citations: Roeder et al. (1967) proposed... | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Groups as authors (using acronyms) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| first in-text citation: (American Hospital Association [AHA], 1993) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| subsequent in-text citations: (AHA, 1993) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| No author/anonymous author | |||||||||||||||||||||
| New definitions for scientific terms now include debated concepts (Webster’s ninth new collegiate dictionary, 1988, p. 10) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| According to the polls, public opinion is split on several issues ("Southpaws," 1999, p. 13) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Multiple works cited together | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Several works (Nathan, 1990; Ross & Dewdney, 1998) demonstrate... | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Recent reports (American Medical Association [AMA], 2003, 2004, in press) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Specific parts of a source | |||||||||||||||||||||
| A recent work on organizational behavior (Mitchell & Larson, 1987, p. 33)... | |||||||||||||||||||||
| The analysis on trends in domestic violence (Cole, 1999, chap. 3) shows... | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Personal communication (interview, telephone conversations, memos; omit from reference list) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| George Soros outlined several problems (personal communication, October 23, 1966)... | |||||||||||||||||||||
| A recent memo (Michael Smith, personal communication, September 20, 2004)... | |||||||||||||||||||||
NOTE:
Personal communication is not included in the reference list. |
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DIRECT QUOTATIONS |
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| Direct quotation with authors identified in text: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Bent and Humphreys (1996) warn that "[this] practice has led many procurement departments to assume a pre-eminent | |||||||||||||||||||||
| position in which the tail wags the dog." (p. 11) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Direct quotation with authors identified in parentheses: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| With regards to problems in TQM, "[this] practice has led many procurement departments to assume a pre-eminent position in | |||||||||||||||||||||
| which the tail wags the dog" (Bent & Humphreys, 1996, p.11). | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Direct quotation in text (fewer than 40 words): | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Bent and Humphreys (1996) explain that "[this] situation is sometimes a result of management ignorance in confusing | |||||||||||||||||||||
| contingency with management reserve" (p. 11). | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Block quotation (40 words or more): | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Bent and Humphreys (1996) warn about the interdepartmental conflicts in TQM practice: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Companies do not allow project and discipline engineers full access to commercial information on equipment/material bids. This | |||||||||||||||||||||
| practice has led many procurement departments to assume a pre-eminent position in which the tail wags the dog. Ideally, the | |||||||||||||||||||||
| engineering and project management functions should include both business analysis and decision-making roles, particularly | |||||||||||||||||||||
| for all equipment and material purchasing. This is becoming a common practice in TQM. In a total quality management culture, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| the purchasing department should be in a support position and provide a full-service function. (p.11) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| For further information, consult: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington, | |||||||||||||||||||||
| DC: Author. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Questions? E-mail to library@baker.edu Revised September 2005 |
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