APA CITATION STYLE EXAMPLES

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BOOKS & MONOGRAPHS  
PERIODICALS
MISCELLANEOUS SOURCES  
ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLES
IN-TEXT CITATION & DIRECT QUOTES (Author, Year, Page)
   

BOOKS & MONOGRAPHS

Author, A. A. (Year of Publication). Book title: Subtitle also starts with a capital letter.
  Location: Publisher.
One author

Nathan, A. J. (1990). China's crisis: Dilemmas of reform and prospects for democracy. New York: Columbia University Press.

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Two authors

Ross, C. S., & Dewdney, P. (1998). Communicating professionally: A how-to-do-it manual for library applications. New York: Neal-

  Schuman Publishers.
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Three to six authors

Marquart, J. W., Olson, S. E., & Sorensen, J. R. (1994). The rope, the chair, and the needle: Capital punishment in Texas, 1923 -

  1990. Austin: University of Texas Press.
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More than six authors

Roeder, K., Howdeshell, J., Fulton, L., Lochhead, M., Craig, K., Peterson, R., et al. (1967). Nerve cells and insect behavior.

  Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
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No author

Webster’s ninth new collegiate dictionary (1988). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc.

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Corporate author

American Hospital Association. (1993). American Hospital Association guide to the health care field.

  Chicago: Author.
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Editor(s)

Bent, J., & Humphreys, K. K. (Eds.). (1996). Cost Engineering: Vol. 4. Effective Project Management Through Applied

  Cost and Schedule Control. New York: Marcell Dekker, Inc.
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Author and editor or translator

Esquivel, L. (1992). Like water for chocolate: A novel in monthly installments, with recipes, romances, and home remedies.

  (C. Christensen & T. Christensen, Trans.). New York: Doubleday.
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Edition

Mitchell, T. R., & Larson, J., Jr. (1987). People in organizations: An introduction to organizational behavior (3rd ed.). New York:

  McGraw-Hill.
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Book in several volumes

Inge, M. T. (Ed.). (1989). Handbook of American popular culture (2nd ed., Vol. 103). New York: Greenwood Press.

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Essay or article in a collection

Massaro, D. (1992). Broadening the domain of the fuzzy logical model of perception. In H. L. Pick Jr., P. van den Broek, and D. C.

  Knill (Eds.), Cognition: Conceptual and methodological issues (pp. 51-84). Washington, DC: American Psychological
Association.
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Bulletin or government publication

U. S. Attorney General's Commission on Pornography. (1986). Attorney General's Commission on Pornography: Final report.

  Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
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ENCYCLOPEDIA & DICTIONARY ENTRIES

Authors, A. A. (Year). Title of article. In Title of encyclopedia. (Volume #, pagination). Location: Publisher

Title of article (Year). In Title of encyclopedia. (Volume #, pagination). Location: Publisher.
Signed or initialed

Hensel, J. W. (1999). Technical education. In Encyclopedia Americana (International ed., Vol.26, pp. 354-356).

  Danbury, CT: Grolier.
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Unsigned

Methane (1990). In Encyclopedia Americana (International ed., Vol. 18, pp. 321-322). Danbury, CT: Grolier.

Dictionary
Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.
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PERIODICALS

Author, A. A. (Date of publication <year, month day>). Article Title. Journal Title, Volume #, (issue #), Pagination. 

Weekly or biweekly magazine (signed)

Stone, R. (1999, August 6). A long march to save Africa's dwindling wild lands. Science, 285, 825.

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Weekly or biweekly magazine (unsigned)

The decade of the spy. (1994, March 7). Newsweek, 123, 26-27.

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Monthly or bimonthly magazine (signed)

Frank, M. (1993, June). The wild, wild west. Architectural Digest, 50, 180-185, 193.

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Journal article (consecutive pagination)

Cole, T. B. (1999). Case management for domestic violence. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282, 513-514. 

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Journal article (pagination by issue)

Klimosky, R., & Palmer, S. (1993). The ADA and the hiring process in organizations. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and

  Research, 45(2), 10-36.
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Newspaper (signed)

Trachtenberg, J. A. (1994, April 10) What's in a movie soundtrack? Catchy tunes and big business. Wall Street Journal [Eastern

  Edition], p. B1.
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Newspaper or editorial (unsigned)

Southpaws: Today, think of those with a different side. (1999, August 13). The Detroit Free Press, p.A10.

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Review of a book in a newspaper

Schillinger, L. (1999, August 8). Arbor days [Review of the book Life in the treetops: adventures of a woman in field biology]. The New

  York Times Book Review, 104, 4.
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MISCELLANEOUS AND UNPUBLISHED SOURCES
Opposing Viewpoints

Loos, R. (1996). Hunting animals is morally acceptable. In A. Harnack (Ed.), Animal rights: Opposing viewpoints. (Reprinted from The

  Conservationist, 10-15, 1993, October)
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Brochure/Pamphlet

National Cancer Institute. (2000, June). Cancer Research - because lives depend on it [Brochure]. Bethesda, MD: Author.

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Paper presented, speech delivered, but not published

Torline, D. R. (1993, November). Handling difficult people: Quadrant theory approach. Paper presented at the meeting of Baker

  College Travel Club, Flint, MI.
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Interview, letters, memos, personal email, and conversation

*Do not include in reference list; cite in text only. See the section on in-text citations

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Doctoral Dissertation or Master's Thesis

Taylor, A. S. (1986). Dual career couples and geographic transfer: Executive's reaction to commuter marriage and attitude toward the

  move. Dissertation Abstracts International, 47, 10B. (UMI No. AAA8701827)
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Non-print medium

Richter, J. (Producer), & Hausmann, J. (Director). (1985). Cezanne: The man and the mountain [Motion picture]. United States: Home

  Vision
Safer, M. (Narrator). (1993, September 19). Yes...But is it art? [Television broadcast]. New York: Central Broadcasting Service.
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Annual Report

Home Depot. (2001). Home Depot 2000 Annual Report. Atlanta, GA: Author.

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IN-TEXT CITATION EXAMPLES - (Author, Year, Page)

One work by one author

 

Nathan (1990) observes that...

or
An earlier work on democracy in China (Nathan, 1990, p. 28) points out that...
view complete reference entry
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One work by multiple authors
 

first citation: Marquart, Olson, and Sorensen (1994) concluded...

subsequent first citation: Marquart et al (1994) concluded...
in subsequent citations after first citation in the same paragraph: Marquart et al concluded...
for a work by six or more authors, first and subsequent citations: Roeder et al. (1967) proposed...
view complete reference entry
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Groups as authors (using acronyms)
  first in-text citation: (American Hospital Association [AHA], 1993)
subsequent in-text citations: (AHA, 1993)
view complete reference entry
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No author/anonymous author
  New definitions for scientific terms now include debated concepts (Webster’s ninth new collegiate dictionary, 1988, p. 10)
view complete reference entry
  According to the polls, public opinion is split on several issues ("Southpaws," 1999, p. 13)
view complete reference entry
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Multiple works cited together
  Several works (Nathan, 1990; Ross & Dewdney, 1998) demonstrate...
Recent reports (American Medical Association [AMA], 2003, 2004, in press)
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Specific parts of a source
  A recent work on organizational behavior (Mitchell & Larson, 1987, p. 33)...
view complete reference entry
  The analysis on trends in domestic violence (Cole, 1999, chap. 3) shows...
view complete reference entry
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Personal communication (interview, telephone conversations, memos; omit from reference list)
  George Soros outlined several problems (personal communication, October 23, 1966)...
A recent memo (Michael Smith, personal communication, September 20, 2004)...
NOTE: Personal communication is not included in the reference list.
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DIRECT QUOTATIONS
Direct quotation with authors identified in text:
Bent and Humphreys (1996) warn that "[this] practice has led many procurement departments to assume a pre-eminent
position in which the tail wags the dog." (p. 11)
view complete reference entry
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Direct quotation with authors identified in parentheses:
With regards to problems in TQM, "[this] practice has led many procurement departments to assume a pre-eminent position in
which the tail wags the dog" (Bent & Humphreys, 1996, p.11).
view complete reference entry
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Direct quotation in text (fewer than 40 words):
Bent and Humphreys (1996) explain that "[this] situation is sometimes a result of management ignorance in confusing
  contingency with management reserve" (p. 11).
view complete reference entry
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Block quotation (40 words or more):
Bent and Humphreys (1996) warn about the interdepartmental conflicts in TQM practice:
  Companies do not allow project and discipline engineers full access to commercial information on equipment/material bids. This
  practice has led many procurement departments to assume a pre-eminent position in which the tail wags the dog. Ideally, the
  engineering and project management functions should include both business analysis and decision-making roles, particularly
  for all equipment and material purchasing. This is becoming a common practice in TQM. In a total quality management culture,
  the purchasing department should be in a support position and provide a full-service function. (p.11)
view complete reference entry
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For further information, consult: 
American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington,
  DC: Author.

 

Questions? E-mail to library@baker.edu

Revised September 2005